Many people unnecessarily wrestle with how to determine what is right and wrong. God has described that what is from him is good:
11 ...my Spirit...persuadeth men to do good.
12 And whatsoever thing persuadeth men to do good is of me; for good cometh of none save it be of me. I am the same that leadeth men to all good; he that will not believe my words will not believe me—that I am; and he that will not believe me will not believe the Father who sent me. For behold, I am the Father, I am the light, and the life, and the truth of the world. (Ether 4)
It is easy to determine what is good. The answer is “as plain, that ye may know with a perfect knowledge, as the daylight is from the dark night.” (Moroni 7:15)
Clearly, any option that is worse than any other option is not good. What is good is what is best. The key to determining what is right is the simple question: what leads to the best outcomes?
What is right is what is best, and what is best is what is right. What is good is what is best. What yields the greatest improvement? What will make you the strongest? The most independent? The wisest? The most honorable? The most capable of helping others?
Improvement as the key to recognizing the voice of God is so plain that it is compared in the scriptures to a compass:
45 For just as surely as this [compass] did bring our fathers, by following its course, to the promised land, shall the words of Christ, if we follow their course, carry us beyond this vale of sorrow into a far better land of promise.
46 O my son, do not let us be slothful because of the easiness of the way; for so was it with our fathers; for so was it prepared for them, that if they would look they might live; even so it is with us. The way is prepared, and if we will look we may live forever. (Alma 37)
Paul understood conscience-driven judgment. Consider these scriptures:
5 ....Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind.
14 I know, and am persuaded by the Lord Jesus, that there is nothing unclean of itself: but to him that esteemeth any thing to be unclean, to him it is unclean. (Romans 14)
All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient: all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not. (1 Corinthians 10:23)
All things are lawful unto me, but all things are not expedient: all things are lawful for me, but I will not be brought under the power of any. (1 Corinthians 6:12)
....Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. (Romans 12:9)
8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.
9 Those things, which ye have both learned, and received, and heard, and seen in me, do: and the God of peace shall be with you. (Philippians 4)
Right and wrong are determined through consequence. Guilt is caused by choosing less than your best option. That which makes one feel guilty is wrong. Anything that results in a net degradation or weakening of you or others is wrong. Anything that brings you into its power makes you weaker. Anything that does not serve its intended purpose is necessarily less well-suited than what does.
The conscience will lead to all improvement, incrementally, according to your present understanding.
In scripture, when describing what is good, God intentionally leaves out the details, because everyone’s understanding and circumstances are individual.
You don’t need a perfect understanding of all things to make correct choices. Since our progression is a pathway of successive improvements, you need only know the next step in order to be completely aligned with the path. You don't need to know the exact brightness of the sun to recognize it as much brighter than a candle.
We don't need to perceive the complete value in things in order to progress. We just need to perceive greater value in the next step than in our present state.
Any improvement you can imagine is the precise road from where you are to a better place. All improvement leads to God, and you can't get to God except through all improvement. It is as if we are all climbing a mountain. While there are many paths by which you can ascend, the principle thing is that you ascend, and the defining quality is ascent. So long as you are improving, you are headed upward.